The first two correct examples are "Hello world". Third one is "language". The stick character is either a short "a' or "i", which you would know from the lit

The first two correct examples are "Hello world". Third one is "language". The stick character is either a short "a' or "i", which you would know from the little tick marks above/below that you see in decorative script, but are generally left out in print where you get it from context. The J looking character is an "L". So they make "al" like al-jabaar => the strong. It's 95% like "el" in Spanish or "il" in Italian, though it is genderless. The o with dots attached or not to the word on the right indicates feminine gender.