4 ms·
Thanks for the clarification. To sum up for people here, the Grover’s algorithm can’t be easily parallelized. Operating serially, it’s difficult to implement.
by aborsy 4y ago
Thanks for the clarification.
To sum up for people here, the Grover’s algorithm can’t be easily parallelized. Operating serially, it’s difficult to implement. Hence, it may not reduce the security of 128 bits to 64 bits; it’s less effective in practice.
Keep in mind that NIST doesn’t recommend symmetric keys below 112 bits. So the margin with 128 bits is low. I give you an example. If the user’s random number generator isn’t perfect, the file key in Age will contain an entropy less than 128 bits, which quickly gets you into an uncomfortable area. You should also take into account small reduction in security due to new attacks and speed ups. I am not a cryptographer; a cursory look at Grover’s doesn’t cut it. If I write crypto software, I will err on the side of ignorance and be conservative in my design.
As for the cryptographers’ opinion, I think the industry standard for encryption of data data at rest is AES-256. The acceptable range is 128–256, but 128 is the low end of the range, the recommendation is 256 bits which is what most companies use. Sure, 100 bits may not be breakable now or in short term, but nobody uses 100 bits for that reason (note that Age uses 10 words in its default, which if using bips list, is 110 bits).
Lastly, you should not forget compliance. Top secret information is often required to be encrypted with 256 bits (see NSA recommendations).
- FiloSottile 4y ago> note that Age uses 10 words in its default, which if using bips list, is 110 bits That's correct. The passphrase is then fed to scrypt with N = 18, so the total number of operations required for a conventional key search that enumerates possible passphrases is 2^128. I do wonder how hard scrypt is to implement in a QC, I'll look in the literature or ask. Even if scrypt costed zero gates, which seems unlikely since memory accesses are not free, 110 bits Grover would still require ~2^112 gates at MAXDEPTH 2^40. > I think the industry standard for encryption of data data at rest is AES-256. Discussions about what is or isn't "industry standard" are hard to have productively because there is no authoritative or technical answer, but I will point out that mail.google.com and Chrome use 128 bits ciphers to talk to each other. Data at rest is not more sensitive than data in transit, the latter can just be recorded by an attacker and cracked in the future. I agree that compliance usually prefers 256 bits.