The article posted here is kind of a crash course in mathematical probability, so don't feel bad for being intimidated or overwhelmed. The Wikipedia page gives

The article posted here is kind of a crash course in mathematical probability, so don't feel bad for being intimidated or overwhelmed. The Wikipedia page gives a succinct explanation: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martingale_(probability_theory) https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martingale_(probability_theo.... > ... the conditional expected value of the next observation, given all the past observations, is equal to the most recent observation. The book Introduction to Probability Models by Sheldon Ross is a solid undergraduate-level introduction to this material. Martingales are covered in chapter 10. It does use plenty of math notation, but none of the abstract stuff here about triples, filtrations, etc. It might be a bit slow at first as you "reactivate" the mathy parts of your brain, but as long as you read with a pencil and notepad handy you should be able to work through it. There's actually a full upload of the 11th edition (current is the 12th I believe) on some university course webpage: http://mitran-lab.amath.unc.edu/courses/MATH768/biblio/introduction-to-prob-models-11th-edition.PDF http://mitran-lab.amath.unc.edu/courses/MATH768/biblio/intro...