C++ is pervasively memory-unsafe; a bug in any part of a C++ codebase can easily cause undefined behavior, such that you can't isolate the memory-unsafe parts a

C++ is pervasively memory-unsafe; a bug in any part of a C++ codebase can easily cause undefined behavior, such that you can't isolate the memory-unsafe parts and apply extra assurance techniques to them. Most modern garbage-collected languages do let you do this, as does Rust.