That sounds a lot more complicated than making a screenshot, which also discards all metadata that might lurk in the original image and won't introduce hardware

That sounds a lot more complicated than making a screenshot, which also discards all metadata that might lurk in the original image and won't introduce hardware-specific patterns. Some screenshot tools are really simple to a point you can actually check what they're doing. But if I ever learned anything about that area it's that there's probably still five other details I haven't considered.