They can be precompiled, but not to the point where there is no stutter, because some optimizations only happen at the point where the shader is executed. That

They can be precompiled, but not to the point where there is no stutter, because some optimizations only happen at the point where the shader is executed. That is why you need a warmup. You need to actually execute the shader. Theoretically with Vk/D3D12 you can cache and ship the entire state, but again, it is a combinatorial explosion of drivers and devices.