> Did adoption of calculators lead to less learning of arithmetic. There's discussion of this in the book The Shallows, which is a book that gives a good overv

> Did adoption of calculators lead to less learning of arithmetic. There's discussion of this in the book The Shallows, which is a book that gives a good overview of the relationship between technology that augment our intellect and contemporary society. The gist is that calculators where a boon to mathematical education, because they freed up students to spend more time working through the challenging abstract aspects of mathematics, and less time with the mechanics of arithmetic. I don't see there being any analogy between using ChatGPT _as an essay writer_ and using a calculator. The essay writing itself is the substantive educational process, and so it cannot be outsourced. What is not the substantive part of the educational process is the actual production of the typed word, and so the use of a pen, typewriter, or computer keyboard is less material, though still absolutely relevant. The affect of the writing/typing tool on the essayist is also discussed in the book.