Those examples are all placeholders for bad managers who don't trust their employees and/or are unable to correctly measure how productive they are. In poorly

Those examples are all placeholders for bad managers who don't trust their employees and/or are unable to correctly measure how productive they are. In poorly managed companies I've worked for it was very easy to get away with doing nothing e.g. I worked with a Service Designer who, when she finally quit, told everyone openly that she hadn't been given any work in a year