3 ms·
We don't say that about light because the train's speed doesn't affect light. The train can push the ball faster. It travels faster, catches up to the ball, an
by jodrellblank 4y ago
We don't say that about light because the train's speed doesn't affect light.
The train can push the ball faster. It travels faster, catches up to the ball, and pushes on it. But if light is 'the fastest speed there is' then the train cannot go faster, cannot catch up to it, cannot push push on it.
Say for a moment that the train can push light faster, there is a new 'fastest speed'. What changed so that light could go faster? Maybe overcoming air resistance? or friction? Or mass, removing mass makes sports cars faster, right? So let's remove all air resistance and all friction and all mass, and now we're thinking about as fast as anything can possibly go in this universe. When there's nothing left to remove, nothing to overcome, that's "c" the speed of light in a vacuum.
So why can't the train push it faster than that? The 'speed of light' is a poor name for it, it's the speed anything can be communicated in any way - the train engine pushes on the wheels and the track pushes back and there is friction and the axels push on the train body and the train body pulls on the carriages and the carriage floors pull on the chairs which move the passengers and all those connections carrying the 'information' of the pulls and pushes through the metals are at fastest carried by electromagnetic interactions at 'the speed of light' that make up bumps and knocks. The train can't push light faster because the train can't go faster because none of the train's parts can move faster than light to gain any extra speed to push with. At best the train and light are side by side, neither gaining nor losing on each other. Except, the train has mass and light doesn't so it's always slower.
And that's not mentioning that spacetime isn't 3D space with a timeline ticking beside it like a video time, as a 4th dimension, it's more connected than that in ways I don't understand at all. Take the simplest clock concept, a photon of light bouncing between two mirrors, once per second. You say the speed is how fast the light is going. The time is how long it takes the light to bounce once. And the distance is how far light goes in a second. You can't speed light up (see above). If you move the mirrors closer together have you changed the duration of a second? Or sped up light? Or shrank distance? Easy, you moved the mirrors closer together, right?
Now consider what the observer outside the train sees - the information of what's happening is communicated to them by light coming to their eyes. And what they see from the way light moves is that the mirrors have been moved closer together. And you on the train see that the mirrors haven't been moved closer together. And both are correct. Neither is imaginary, a con, a magic trick, an optical illusion.
So what happened to the clock on the train? Did the speed of light change? Did the distance between the mirrors change? Did the duration of a second change? Or did the universe go mad? Answer: relativity; we agree that taking away all friction, all mass, all air resistance, leaves some maximum speed that things can fly through the universe, we agree that all massless things including light travel at that speed and call it 'the speed of light', and from there different observers see distance and time differently, and that's OK. We must start to talk in terms of 'frames of reference', whose observation are we working from?