To add to the other replies - the networking configuration of the car plays a huge role as well! Is it CAN bus? Is it Ethernet? Is it a mix? How many computers

To add to the other replies - the networking configuration of the car plays a huge role as well! Is it CAN bus? Is it Ethernet? Is it a mix? How many computers are in it? How are they connected? Have you centralized the microcontrollers to some degree? What about connections between microcontrollers? Just like microservice oriented architectures and monoliths, you may choose the form of your destroyer, and an extraordinarily well-connected topology with no centralized points to bounce between can lead to ass loads of wires :) I'm convinced of the quality of Tesla's internal networking - I don't have concrete data on this but the capabilities they showed in 2018 such as over-the-air updates told me they had to be more sane than their competitors. To be able to update any part of the car like that I'd imagine they centralized a TON of the random bits and bobs into a few Ethernet connected machines even back then. On top of that, the rumors of the telemetry they collect is the stuff of legend! The problem with a lot of these car companies is that they're a little behind the tech curve. I left automotive in 2018 so I may be old news here but in-house out-sourced was still a large debate when it came to the design of such systems. It will take a while for them to bubble up leadership with relevant experience to make the right calls - maybe with the layoffs at big tech co's it'll happen sooner than later? Automotive companies I interacted with in 2018 definitely knew then what they wanted, the hard part was finding the right people to deliver and manage.