Well, existing redundancy is an indicator that a structure can be normalized right now. I guess the way I conceptualize normalization is that it reduces the pos

Well, existing redundancy is an indicator that a structure can be normalized right now. I guess the way I conceptualize normalization is that it reduces the possibility of storing redundant data now, or in the future. Not saying that it is 100% effective and fool-proof ... just the ideal. BTW, here is the php manual entry for sqlite http://php.net/manual/en/book.sqlite.php http://php.net/manual/en/book.sqlite.php