Building a fab is very expensive. It's unlikely for some small new entrant to be successful, unless they happen to invent something better than EUV lithography

Building a fab is very expensive. It's unlikely for some small new entrant to be successful, unless they happen to invent something better than EUV lithography or can somehow build all their machines from scratch. Basically at this point, the big players are TSMC, Intel, and maybe Samsung. No one else can afford what it costs to be constantly upgrading their factories and doing the necessary basic research to get high quality and consistent yields.