> Because they were already working on mRNA vaccines for years beforehand The Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine uses a viral vector, not mRNA. The Pfizer–BioNTech and

> Because they were already working on mRNA vaccines for years beforehand The Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine uses a viral vector, not mRNA. The Pfizer–BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, which do use mRNA, were developed in Germany and the US respectively.