Tipping as a way to avoid paying non whites: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/12/16/fact-check-tipping-kept-wages-low-formerly-enslaved-black-

Tipping as a way to avoid paying non whites: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/12/16/fact-check-tipping-kept-wages-low-formerly-enslaved-black-workers/3896620001/ https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/12/16/fac... and basically all over research and the internet. On difference between US and European racism, and the role of the distance from the colonies: https://knowledge.insead.edu/responsibility/recognising-and-confronting-racism-europe https://knowledge.insead.edu/responsibility/recognising-and-... and a large body of research. On dismantling of the safety net in France: just read a newspaper.