This was more about DNA than protocols. + Telcos build massive businesses as monopolies in regulated enviros. Their budgets, people and processes were built i

This was more about DNA than protocols. + Telcos build massive businesses as monopolies in regulated enviros. Their budgets, people and processes were built in this biome. + Meanwhile, their services and OSS/BSS were built in the packet-switching biome. Internet was a K-T boundary meteor to this biome. Many telco engineers were brilliant. It didn't matter (1) because the DNA of the business around them could not adapt fast enough to match the speed and execution of the startups which built their DNA in the new biome. (1) at the business and systems level...plenty of tech concepts adapted into VoIP concepts..and even at lower levels into H.323, SIP and WebRTC).