> blockchain designs based on proof of stake have ... transactions fees. To clarify this, regardless if proof of work or proof of stake, all chains need transa

> blockchain designs based on proof of stake have ... transactions fees. To clarify this, regardless if proof of work or proof of stake, all chains need transaction fees to reduce spam. If transactions were free like email, it would be harmful. PoS and PoW often use inflation and/or transaction fees to encourage validators to create the next block. Sophisticated block producers can sometimes use MEV (like front-running on NYSE) to capture more value. MEV is not in the protocol.