3 ms·

What's in a gTLD?

27 points by ab9 15y ago

lambada 15y ago
I'd like to hear more about the trademark and geographic protections. Trademarks in which country / how do they plan to cope with conflicting trademarks? Geographic protections, .norfolk - does that refer to the county in the UK or to one of the places in the US, or else where?
- tankenmate 15y ago
  The geographic protections are mainly at the top level, i.e. you can't apply for a new gTLD of .unitedkingdom for example. The geographic restrictions are mainly in three parts, you can't apply for 2 ASCII character gTLDs (this in effect protects any potential new countries that come into existence). You can't apply for a gTLD that is either the proper full name or short form name of a country or anything that is confusingly similar, i.e. no .unitedstates. And finally if you want to apply for a name that is a city or region name you need at least a letter of non objection from the constituent governments. Trademark protections come in three parts. At the top level a trademark holder can object to you applying for a TLD that is an exact match for a trademark they hold in any jurisdiction. There are provision for trademark front running as well here. At the second level registries are required to provide protection for trademark holders both at registry start up (sunrise and landrush) as well as for ongoing operations. The protections during sunrise and landrush are stronger than during ongoing operations. During sunrise and landrush registries are required to restrict registrations that are an exact match to marks in the trademark clearing house. They are also required to implement the Uniform Rapid Suspension (URS) during sunrise and landrush and the first 60 days of general availability. There is also a requirement for the UDRP for ongoing operations but this is almost exactly the same for other existing gTLDs (ccTLDs are a different matter). Obviously there are corner cases to the above and there are a large number of details involved. If you want more information a good starting point is the Applicant Guidebook which you can get from this link: http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/agb http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/agb EDIT: added information about UDRP.
icebraining 15y ago
Right now you can guess that a company's web address is probably companyname.com, but .companyname alone can't be a web address. Not true, and you can see it yourself: http://ac/ http://ac/ http://ai/ http://ai/ http://tm/ http://tm/ Nothing technically prevents a TLD from having an A record, it's just uncommon. So there could very well be http://microsoft/ http://microsoft/ or http://apple/ http://apple/, which would appear as "microsoft" and "apple" in FF and Chrome, at least.
- regularjack 15y ago
  Are you sure about that? ac, ai and tm do not resolve: nslookup tm Non-existent domain Browsers are able to reach them by forwarding to ac.com, ai.com or tm.com
  - derefr 15y ago
    Server: 8.8.8.8 Address: 8.8.8.8#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: tm Address: 193.223.78.213 Seems to be working for me.
  - hazov 15y ago
    It does have an A record: % dig a tm ; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> a tm. ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 41011 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;tm. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: tm. 86366 IN A 193.223.78.213 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.66.32#53(192.168.66.32) ;; WHEN: Thu Jan 12 10:20:15 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 36 And also an open http server: % nmap tm. Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-01-12 10:24 BRST Interesting ports on serv213.icb.co.uk (193.223.78.213): Not shown: 997 filtered ports PORT STATE SERVICE 80/tcp open http 113/tcp closed auth 443/tcp open https
  - icebraining 15y ago
    You might want to check your DNS server, because nslookup tm works fine here. And yes, browsers redirect to .com if you jut put "tm", but at least Firefox loads the correct website if you put the whole URL, with http:// http://

27 points by ab9 15y ago

I'd like to hear more about the trademark and geographic protections. Trademarks in which country / how do they plan to cope with conflicting trademarks? Geographic protections, .norfolk - does that refer to the county in the UK or to one of the places in the US, or else where?

tankenmate 15y ago
The geographic protections are mainly at the top level, i.e. you can't apply for a new gTLD of .unitedkingdom for example. The geographic restrictions are mainly in three parts, you can't apply for 2 ASCII character gTLDs (this in effect protects any potential new countries that come into existence). You can't apply for a gTLD that is either the proper full name or short form name of a country or anything that is confusingly similar, i.e. no .unitedstates. And finally if you want to apply for a name that is a city or region name you need at least a letter of non objection from the constituent governments. Trademark protections come in three parts. At the top level a trademark holder can object to you applying for a TLD that is an exact match for a trademark they hold in any jurisdiction. There are provision for trademark front running as well here. At the second level registries are required to provide protection for trademark holders both at registry start up (sunrise and landrush) as well as for ongoing operations. The protections during sunrise and landrush are stronger than during ongoing operations. During sunrise and landrush registries are required to restrict registrations that are an exact match to marks in the trademark clearing house. They are also required to implement the Uniform Rapid Suspension (URS) during sunrise and landrush and the first 60 days of general availability. There is also a requirement for the UDRP for ongoing operations but this is almost exactly the same for other existing gTLDs (ccTLDs are a different matter). Obviously there are corner cases to the above and there are a large number of details involved. If you want more information a good starting point is the Applicant Guidebook which you can get from this link: http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/agb http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/agb EDIT: added information about UDRP.

icebraining 15y ago

Right now you can guess that a company's web address is probably companyname.com, but .companyname alone can't be a web address. Not true, and you can see it yourself: http://ac/ http://ac/ http://ai/ http://ai/ http://tm/ http://tm/ Nothing technically prevents a TLD from having an A record, it's just uncommon. So there could very well be http://microsoft/ http://microsoft/ or http://apple/ http://apple/, which would appear as "microsoft" and "apple" in FF and Chrome, at least.

regularjack 15y ago
Are you sure about that? ac, ai and tm do not resolve: nslookup tm Non-existent domain Browsers are able to reach them by forwarding to ac.com, ai.com or tm.com
- derefr 15y ago
  Server: 8.8.8.8 Address: 8.8.8.8#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: tm Address: 193.223.78.213 Seems to be working for me.
- hazov 15y ago
  It does have an A record: % dig a tm ; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> a tm. ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 41011 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;tm. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: tm. 86366 IN A 193.223.78.213 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.66.32#53(192.168.66.32) ;; WHEN: Thu Jan 12 10:20:15 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 36 And also an open http server: % nmap tm. Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-01-12 10:24 BRST Interesting ports on serv213.icb.co.uk (193.223.78.213): Not shown: 997 filtered ports PORT STATE SERVICE 80/tcp open http 113/tcp closed auth 443/tcp open https
- icebraining 15y ago
  You might want to check your DNS server, because nslookup tm works fine here. And yes, browsers redirect to .com if you jut put "tm", but at least Firefox loads the correct website if you put the whole URL, with http:// http://