The neat thing about trains is that they can stop multiple times in a metropolitan area. In Tokyo your options to Osaka are Tokyo station, Shinagawa and Yokoham

The neat thing about trains is that they can stop multiple times in a metropolitan area. In Tokyo your options to Osaka are Tokyo station, Shinagawa and Yokohama; in Berlin they usually stop at Ostkreuz, Hbf and Spandau. This is enabled by the fact that train stations have much more limited footprints, and that multiple train stations in a city do not get in each other’s way.