Do these studies ever determine causation or do they purely study correlation? I could imagine e.g. that a company with more female executives absent mandates w

Do these studies ever determine causation or do they purely study correlation? I could imagine e.g. that a company with more female executives absent mandates would have a culture of better work-life balance. In a situation like that, would mandating more female executives push the culture towards more worklife balance or preferentially promote women who care less than average about worklife balance? Absent hard data my money would be on the latter.