Almost certainly user level libraries. Coordinating at the kernel level is either a single system image[1] or a distributed operating system[2], which are very

Almost certainly user level libraries. Coordinating at the kernel level is either a single system image[1] or a distributed operating system[2], which are very uncommon in scientific computing. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_system_image https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_system_image [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_operating_system https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_operating_system