Simply put, there is no defense of tipping that stands up to rigorous scrutiny. If you think any of the following points are incorrect, please look for a study

Simply put, there is no defense of tipping that stands up to rigorous scrutiny. If you think any of the following points are incorrect, please look for a study that reflects this. I'm willing to bet you won't find any. Studies show that tipping is inherently biased in favor certain races, genders, and phenotypes. Studies show that tipping is not strongly related to service quality. In fact most people in the USA tip even when they judge the service to be bad. People in tipping professions are more likely to be living in (or close to) poverty than people in other professions. Tipping on price makes no sense. A bottle of wine may cost $15 or $1500 but the effort to serve it will be the same. Expected tipping is a scam to artificially lower menu prices and nothing more.