Out of the box, they can't, but I can imagine mitigations for that, if you have robust enough static analysis on your new language. For many cases, it's fairly

Out of the box, they can't, but I can imagine mitigations for that, if you have robust enough static analysis on your new language. For many cases, it's fairly trivial to generate a piece of .cpp that simply instantiates a template for a specific type and can be linked against. Of course: - this doesn't cross library boundaries; - this assumes robust enough static analysis, which is not possible in the general case, since templates are non-decidable in the general case – so you need to restrict your new language to more reasonable semantics; - let's not even get started on the interaction between templates and C-style macros – at some point, you need to throw the towel.