A handful of hours storage, 60% curtailment (with most of the surplus used to create hydrogen and such for chemical feedstock) and a small amount of HVDC leaves

A handful of hours storage, 60% curtailment (with most of the surplus used to create hydrogen and such for chemical feedstock) and a small amount of HVDC leaves a remainder small enough that meeting it with biogas and existing hydro is possible, meeting it with hudrogen is not costly, or meeting it with LNG is not a huge problem. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26355-z https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26355-z The world produces about 3TW of electricity, 2022's battery production was 760GWh and it's growing 30-50% yoy. Ideally degrowth happens, but while we negotiate that, the |bhattery industry is at the scale required and is rapidly shedding critical mineral requirements (sodium ion is at GWh scale now, and much larger supply chains with all abundant materials come online in june).