JVM has moved beyond bytecode now. See my sibling comment. Truffle takes the JVM to the next level - you don't have to compile your language to bytecode anymore

JVM has moved beyond bytecode now. See my sibling comment. Truffle takes the JVM to the next level - you don't have to compile your language to bytecode anymore, you write an interpreter for the source code (or a binary form if you have one already) and then the JVM turns that interpreter into a JIT compiler, giving it many other features and tools along the way. You aren't constrained by what Java bytecode can express.