Norwegians build fairly typical Nordic homes. 198mm (8") studs with insulation between is pretty typical. Then another 48mm (2") insulated layer on the inside f

Norwegians build fairly typical Nordic homes. 198mm (8") studs with insulation between is pretty typical. Then another 48mm (2") insulated layer on the inside for services, and optionally a 50mm (2") insulation board on the outside before the cladding is applied. So 300mm (12") insulated thickness + whatever inner/outer cladding you use would be common, but up to 400mm will happen (300mm framing + 50 either side). Thicker than that is uncommon. U would be I think ~0.18 for the worst constructions but usually better. And yes, even the best windows have higher U than this. U=0.5 is fantastic for a window, and U=1.0 to 1.2 is common even in Nordic new construction (Standard 3-glass).