You're absolutely right - the virus that causes deformed wing is typically carried by Varroa, so the two effects tend to be seen in parallel. Either way, not s

You're absolutely right - the virus that causes deformed wing is typically carried by Varroa, so the two effects tend to be seen in parallel. Either way, not something we have a problem with in Australia today, though the most recent incursion on the east coast (middle of 2022) is still being brought under control, with new sightings periodically, resulting in 10+ km radius red zones where, similar to the AFB control, full eradication of hives as well as feral nests, is our only remedy. And as to slimed comb, yes, my apologies, I was thinking SHB (Small Hive Beetle) which we only got in Australia about 15 years ago. Over-wintering for most beekeepers here isn't anywhere near the problem it is for you guys - our winters are much less severe, of course.