Those are all too specialized. Although not exactly science, I would recommend number sense. This is how to estimate. Approximate, ratios, percents, add, subtra

Those are all too specialized. Although not exactly science, I would recommend number sense. This is how to estimate. Approximate, ratios, percents, add, subtract, divide, multiply and apply them to daily life. Many people can divide but a lot of people don't know how to figure out how long it will take to travel 2 miles when going approximately 60mph. Even harder but oh so wonderful if it were true - knowing the difference between conditional and joint probabilities. Expecting to flip 5 heads in a row is a small chance. Flipping the 5th head is far more likely. Another: the question, hypothesize, measure, discard/refine loop. Oh and if you have lots of people doing something with a small chance of occurring, just because you managed it does not rule out mere luck. Being amongst those few who managed to fairly flip 5 heads in a row in a group of 160 is not to do with skill. honorable mentions: opportunity cost, expected value, mean vs median, solving equations of one variable, newton's first law, how to write if statements and foreach loops. Finally in this day and age when I say graph to someone circles joined by lines and not a curve on a 2d grid should come to mind.