The article is a bit confusing on that point. From looking at the paper it seems like the 1 volt is relevant not because it's supposed to be implying energy eff

The article is a bit confusing on that point. From looking at the paper it seems like the 1 volt is relevant not because it's supposed to be implying energy efficiency by itself, but for some other reasons I don't understand. From the abstract: > "Our experimental results show a coefficient of performance of 30% relative to Carnot and a temperature lift as high as 25°C using a voltage strength of ~0.22 volts." And from the actual paper: > "To modulate the electrochemical potential in a real system, the ion concentration can be controlled by applying a voltage in an electrolytic cell (e.g., dual-ion battery), where the applied voltage is typically ~1 V. This stimulus is considerably milder than those used in magnetic, electric, and pressure-based caloric systems." I'm not following the paper at all, but it sounds like requiring a low electrical potential is a good thing.