While OIDC is a good option, at StepSecurity, we are building an open-source project that allows using your MFA tokens for deployments in CI/ CD. So far, it is

While OIDC is a good option, at StepSecurity, we are building an open-source project that allows using your MFA tokens for deployments in CI/ CD. So far, it is implemented for GitHub Actions - https://github.com/step-security/wait-for-secrets https://github.com/step-security/wait-for-secrets. In this method, you get a link in the build log, click the link, and can enter credentials at run time, which then gets used in the next step in the pipeline for deployment. So there are no persistent secrets stored in the CI/ CD pipeline and no need for managing/ rotating separate deployment credentials.