Any reinforcement learning system meets your first definition. RL systems don’t typically use separate practice sessions, though you could create one that did.

Any reinforcement learning system meets your first definition. RL systems don’t typically use separate practice sessions, though you could create one that did. But the need for deliberate practice maybe be just a biological brain thing. Instead, RL systems usually have a parameter for how much to explore new options vs. taking what seems to be the best. This lets them learn continuously as they go.