Under this view, presumably historical nations that made most of their money from trade, and didn't rely much on local production (the Netherlands, say; or Port

Under this view, presumably historical nations that made most of their money from trade, and didn't rely much on local production (the Netherlands, say; or Portugal; or Hong Kong under British rule), would see little-to-no local economic benefit from a marginal slave laborer — and so just wouldn't bother to establish any prisons / penal colonies. And also, likely would find it hard to sell these criminals on to other countries, given their known criminality / disobedient attitude. Is this accurate? If so, then what did such countries generally do with their criminals? Exile them?