I suspect this is due to a difference in ideology. American ideology seems seems to be stuck in enlightenment ideas when it comes to philosophy of mind, which

I suspect this is due to a difference in ideology. American ideology seems seems to be stuck in enlightenment ideas when it comes to philosophy of mind, which is likely due to the veneration of the founders and political system, which is based on Cartesian dualism. Religious Americans are more likely to believe that there is such a thing as free will and people could have made a different choice, while atheist Europeans tend more towards eliminative materialism, where there is no magical soul that makes unbiased decisions, and folk psychology (concepts like beliefs and wants) are merely inadequate descriptions of behavioral patterns or post-hoc rationalizations. An American would likely view a murderer wholly responsible of a gun murder. No fault could be ascribed to the gun manufacturer, legislation, or any other external factor. Retributive justice calls for the death penalty. A European would be slightly more likely to see the murder as a chain of events in a deterministic world, without agency. Assuming the European wants to decrease murders for some reason, they would advocate rehabilitative justice, meaning a short sentence mainly there to prevent future murders and preventative measures all the way up the chain of events, such as reducing guns and increasing psychotherapy.