>Point (c) can be mitigated by a mortgage on the house, if this is possible, or by another financial instrument where the house is (partially) sold but one reta

>Point (c) can be mitigated by a mortgage on the house, if this is possible, or by another financial instrument where the house is (partially) sold but one retains a right to live there until death. In Italy (but probably in many EU countries) there is a way to sell what is called "bare property" (in Italian "nuda proprietà"), while keeping use of the house (in Italian "usufrutto"). The cost of a "nuda proprietà" is of course much lower than the full one, and basically the buyer is betting on the time the seller will still live, whilst the seller is using the sale income to live those remaining years. It is not particularly common, sometimes the buyer (of course not really poor people) use this form to buy a house for their sons as a form of investment for when they grow up.