Anecdotally, I (and others I know) often break out of procrastinating because of a perceived threat (eg. lower grades, reduced social status). This negative rei

Anecdotally, I (and others I know) often break out of procrastinating because of a perceived threat (eg. lower grades, reduced social status). This negative reinforcement can be represented in the equation as value = "lack of punishment", however I'm curious if there's more to it than that.