Corporations often trade off the efficiency of many small things, even pervasive things, for overall greater effectiveness. It can be frustrating for workers a

Corporations often trade off the efficiency of many small things, even pervasive things, for overall greater effectiveness. It can be frustrating for workers and customers, and it’s not always a trade that pays off, but it works enough for many companies to be both chronically inefficient and successful. Leadership optimizes for effective control toward increasing total income. They don’t worry about waste that could be a distraction to eliminate, create unpredictability for small payoffs, or if it’s offset (in their view) by greater income.