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The sad fact is that we have enough software developers in America to fully meet all of every American companies technical needs; The problem is that these comp

The sad fact is that we have enough software developers in America to fully meet all of every American companies technical needs; The problem is that these companies don't want to meet the market demands of that labor pool by paying what that market is asking to keep that sustainable, so they want to import people who they can abuse to temporarily lower labor prices for them. And the number of Americans I know who work in tech who are looking for work right now as H1B's post on LinkedIn and publicly make deals to keep Americans out of jobs proves this. Its all being done in public. The thing is, the original H1B ideal is temporary; and so is they cant meet market demands sustainably that way, not if they are growing, and they should be growing or they are dying, and so such companies end up being dependent on offshore imports of H1B people and end up dying when they cant replace them or grow new roles without them, because they started to depend on them and then could not be sustainable outside of that bubble on the real market. The dependency they have is on subsidized cheap labor from other countries that don't asked to be treated like humans, not a lack of skilled tech workers. They have more tech workers than they need, many with more skills and more years of experience at higher end tech roles, many who are looking for work right now in the holidays, and they are just not hiring them because they want to save a few pennies and hire a developer that they have legal ownership of as an indebted visa-slave. And if your hiring software developers, I know many who are looking for work, who are American citizens, who would gladly take the job that an h1b is currently sitting in.

justanorherhack 4y ago
This is the root issue and it's systemic wage suppression. It's also surreal when entire management structures are h1b1 visa workers and speaks to deeper cultural issues that nobody wants to talk about.
- yunohn 4y ago
  > speaks to deeper cultural issues that nobody wants to talk about Could you explain further?
podric 4y ago
The idea that H-1B workers suppress US wages is a harmful myth that gets thrown around HN a lot. The study that supports the claim that the H-1B program suppresses US tech wages is about 20 years old, and no longer reflects the current reality. In fact, a 2017 Glassdoor study found that the wages of H-1B workers were 2.8% higher than their American counterparts: https://www.glassdoor.com/research/h1b-workers/ https://www.glassdoor.com/research/h1b-workers/ The US creates several million new jobs each year on average, and the H-1B cap is 85K, which is an order of magnitude less than the number of jobs created per year. In order for the H-1B program to meaningfully impact the US labor market, the H-1B cap needs to be increased significantly.
- TexanFeller 4y ago
  > The US creates several million new jobs each year on average, and the H-1B cap is 85K, which is an order of magnitude less than the number of jobs created per year. H-1B hires are not evenly distributed across all job types. A large fraction of them going to particular industries, like is seen in big tech, could move the needle in those industries.
- Blackstrat 4y ago
  It’s not a myth. I worked for a prominent US company that routinely hired non-Americans based on price. There are innumerable ways around the H-1B limits. I quit the company.
  - google234123 4y ago
    Name a name then
    - ipaddr 4y ago
      Looking for work?
- j-bos 4y ago
  Perhaps it is a myth with no basis. That said, increased supply decreasing demand is usually the null case, yes? So I'd want to see evidence that additional workers do not supress wages.
DwnVoteHoneyPot 4y ago
Ah yes, entitlement all the way down. The American complains that only Americans should be hired despite same skill for cheaper elsewhere. After restricting to Americans, the SF dev complains the company hired a Denver dev who is cheaper for the same skill. Then in Denver, the dev complains they hired from Omaha. Screw the guy from Omaha! Markets are global especially on the internet. If Facebook and Twitter don't compete on a global scale, TikTok will eat the lunch you believe you are entitled to. The entire article discusses that immigration is needed and American's don't want those jobs. I don't need a team of the most skilled and experienced PhDs. A big portion of my team are just reliable people who can keep the lights on.
- kaesar14 4y ago
  Markets are not global. The immigration market is highly regulated and the H1B visa is an abusive system which keeps Indian and Chinese immigrants enslaved to their jobs for up to 20 years while waiting for a green card. It’s a perfect labor group to take advantage of. You want a real global market for international labor? Fix the immigration system.
  - DwnVoteHoneyPot 4y ago
    One of my points was even if you restrict the employee market, customers remains global, revenues remains global. Forcing wage costs higher will eventually make the US uncompetitive.
- justanorherhack 4y ago
  Yea and there are Americans that want those jobs to keep the lights on and get paid over 6 figures.
- rramadass 4y ago
  >Ah yes, entitlement all the way down. This is the hard truth but people don't want to face up to it.
throwaway2729 4y ago
You are correct except that it's L1 visa driving wages down. H1Bs are typically employed at FAANG and are paid top of the market. Instead of a lottery system, they should use it for top of the market jobs or proven specialization like published papers in that field or certifications.
- ralph84 4y ago
  There are way way more H1Bs working for bodyshops that lease them to non-FAANG Fortune 500 companies than work for FAANG. https://h1bdata.info/topcompanies.php https://h1bdata.info/topcompanies.php 8 of the top 10 H1B filers are bodyshops. And of course the average salary for the 8 bodyshops is way below the 2 non-bodyshops.
xwolfi 4y ago
- joenot443 4y ago
  Trying to bait people into flame wars is pretty low effort and doesn’t make for interesting discussion, I don’t think. Plenty of other popular sites for that.
darth_avocado 4y ago
H1B is an easy scapegoat. You see people of certain nationalities on visa and think ohh the companies are bringing in cheap labor. The reality is that most of them would be citizens if the immigration laws were created equal. You wouldn’t see that many people on visa if they didn’t have to stay on it for decades. People come from Europe all the time and become citizens, and you don’t say “ohh look at all these foreigners on visa taking away all the jobs and suppressing the wages” because they transition to citizenship and you don’t see them on visas for long. Create a fair immigration system and you won’t see H1Bs around for long.
- rramadass 4y ago
  >Create a fair immigration system and you won’t see H1Bs around for long. You hit the Nail right on the Head! H1B is being used as an easy scapegoat for all the ills plaguing the US labour market.
- cat_plus_plus 4y ago
  You guys have no clue about US immigration system. There are equal green card quotas for each country, which is the main merit path to citizenship. Of course some countries have a huge population or huge demand for US visas, but that still means that green cards for that country are equal in number to green cards from other countries. And for example, there are a lot of countries in Africa. On the other hand, children of undocumented immigrants get citizenship without any quota. So there are many more new citizens from Mexico and Central America vs Europe. I am not saying they are bad citizens, but there is some rational limit to immigration that protects native culture from sudden disruption against wishes of existing citizens. So, defining what is fair is not as easy as you might think.
  - Ekaros 4y ago
    For small European country. I remember one my co-workers. He used to work in USA for some years, got green cards for himself and family, I think in months. Then returned here and simply just returned those cards. The system truly isn't equal. And from outside is bit bizare.
howinteresting 4y ago
H1B is a dual intent visa. It has never been just temporary, the idea that H1B workers can seek permanent residence is built into the visa. (It is not built into most other visas.) Many H1B workers wish to become citizens but can't due to decades-long backlogs. If your post is actually meant to campaign for them to get quicker green cards and citizenship, I applaud you.
- rramadass 4y ago
  >H1B is a dual intent visa. It has never been just temporary, the idea that H1B workers can seek permanent residence is built into the visa. This needs to be repeated time and time again until people "get it". It was designed as a "legal way" of immigrating to the US.
bobosha 4y ago
>The sad fact is that we have enough software developers in America to fully meet all of every American companies technical needs; The problem is that these companies don't want to meet the market demands of that labor pool by paying what that market is asking to keep that sustainable, so they want to import people who they can abuse to temporarily lower labor prices for them. This is a bogus self-serving argument that is offered by many entitled "American programmers" who want wage hyperinflation. Tech workers are among the highest paid professions anywhere, and still people like you complain about wage suppression, ha! How self-serving & entitled of you. There is 100%+ employment in tech, and the people "looking for work" you speak of, wouldn't even pass a basic programming test and unemployable IMO.
- ipaddr 4y ago
  Perhaps as a: MIT CSAIL Alum, AI+Machine Vision researcher passionate about using technology for societal good. Not everyone is an MIT Alum and full employment is a dream that could only come from the halls of MIT
- matthewmacleod 4y ago
  In my view you are both wrong for different reasons. There are not “enough software developers in America to fully meet all of every American companies technical needs”. There is virtually no unemployment among competent software developers and almost every team I have ever talked to consistently struggles to hire. It doesn’t pass the sniff test, as there are relatively few of these workers in any case. Equally, workers are absolutely entitled to complain about companies abusing people in precarious positions—such as H1B visa holders—to reduce costs. Certain orgs are notorious for this. It is not “entitled” to think that workers should be paid the market rate for their work, and the reality is that software developers are highly-paid in part because their skills are hard to come by and drive significant financial benefit (i.e. they are worth it). You don’t need to put the effort in to defend companies who have famously colluded to suppress wages! Is the real problem not the existence of a silly visa system in the first place? If you want workers, then allow them to enter the country and compete freely at market wages for roles - without making them so subject to the whims of their sponsoring employer. That system is basically designed to facilitate abuse.
renewiltord 4y ago
H-1B workers, look around you. This is the top comment here. Imagine for a second that you support a union. When you take your seat at the union meeting, someone like this sits down on your left, on your right, in front of you, and behind you. Imagine you provide a tech union with manpower. Who do you think will hold the reins? You or some guy like this? Will you arm them so that they can execute on what they dream of? Consider carefully what a union of people like this can do. Consider carefully what you will support. In the end, they have themselves to look after.
rramadass 4y ago
>The sad fact is that we have enough software developers in America to fully meet all of every American companies technical needs; Absolutely wrong! Software Developers and Engineers Shortage in the US: The case for Global Talent: https://www.revelo.com/blog/software-developer-shortage-us https://www.revelo.com/blog/software-developer-shortage-us
gloryjulio 4y ago
Uhhh, no? I don't think u realize how big of the gap between the average programming work vs fanng+ companies. Note that I didn't say the quality of the candidates, because I don't think it's hard and most of the ppl can achieve that level if they really tried. But the difference in work is so huge it's basically 2 type of jobs. In typical fanng companies, most regular ppl wont survive. It's highly competitive and require ppl to be able to ramp up repidly. At the same time, u need to maintain high performance all the time. Hard deadlines everywhere. Required to lead different projects and be oncall at the same time. It's highly competitive and demanding basically the opposite of what ppl going through in the regular school system right now.
- onethought 4y ago
  I’m calling bs on this. Many people in faang companies I know are pretty average work effort required is also pretty average, could you provide more concrete examples of where this isn’t true?
  - gloryjulio 4y ago
    Lets start from faang, Amazon/meta/Netflix have high review bar, u r behold to biquaterlly review and sometimes quarterly review. If u havent heard of ura, go look it up. Google is somewhat more relaxed as their culture encouraging improving the employees instead of performance based firing outright but this might change, look it up regardless. apple's wlb is suprisingly bad as their very top down, of coz the pay is good. Outside faang,twitter was famed to be a more relax place. its gone now after elon take over. stripe is famous for being aws 2.0. these are the places are either i worked at or have friends there. Also consider thr currently layoff is largely performance based for wlb, 40-50 is the norm if u r good. if u are average in putting out the effort, i dont think u can survive the ramp up in the first year with less than 50h per week. companies like amazon doesnt even give u time to ramp up. But if u survive the first 2 year, u r probably fine. An 'average' employee in this sense will be vastly capable of dealing with the org chaos and oncall, and churn out the commits at the same time. The wlb will be much better if he is in a stable org. He will be more experienced in gaming the reviews too. Once again, i never mentioned the quality of the candidates, i only talk about the work and performance. i think most of the ppl are capable,just whether they really tried.
richardw 4y ago
You don’t become more competitive by creating limits. China limits what people can read, say or do. US limits movement. It became great through free movement of people and reinvention of society, and creating any limits means you skew the outcome. You limit supply, so prices rise artificially. Unless you’re Native American, your forefathers and mothers moved to the US at a time where it was easier to do so. That’s a lottery you happened to win and now you want to shut the doors. Your parents helped create the story of success, and that’s how the story will continue. No visas means no Jobs, no Nadella, no Brin, no Tesla, no very many people who create and sustain so many institutions that make you great. Immigration and entrepreneurship are the lifeblood of your story. Don’t worry so much about slicing the pie. Grow the pie.
- joenot443 4y ago
  When my ancestors came to Canada, they settled their own land, lost half the family in the winters, and many of them still ended up trying to return to Ireland. I'd love to hear your thoughts on how that's an "easier" experience than the route taken by folks today. There's tens of thousands of acres unsettled land left in Canada, but for whatever reason the vast majority of our new Canadians end up in the GTA. The process of immigrating to North America today is so entirely different from how it was the 1800s it's a bit disingenuous to equate the two.
  - richardw 4y ago
    Easier from the perspective of getting a visa. You won the lottery is what I said. I live in a country where we seem to work hard to keep people from neighbouring countries out. It does nothing for our competitiveness, just allows the current inhabitants who pretty much did nothing except have the right ancestors to get benefits and opportunities that neighbours don’t have. In your case, Canada benefits greatly from the US having a more restrictive immigration policy. Net positive for Canada. It’s a total failure to have smart people not able to enter your country, because they’ll go somewhere. Quote SamA: https://twitter.com/sama/status/1554459751353683969 https://twitter.com/sama/status/1554459751353683969 If that doesn’t convince you, consider the case of Russia now, with people leaving daily. If immigration is net negative then surely Russia is winning hand over fist because people are leaving the country in droves. Obviously not. It’s a horror show for them.

justanorherhack 4y ago

This is the root issue and it's systemic wage suppression. It's also surreal when entire management structures are h1b1 visa workers and speaks to deeper cultural issues that nobody wants to talk about.

yunohn 4y ago
> speaks to deeper cultural issues that nobody wants to talk about Could you explain further?

podric 4y ago

The idea that H-1B workers suppress US wages is a harmful myth that gets thrown around HN a lot. The study that supports the claim that the H-1B program suppresses US tech wages is about 20 years old, and no longer reflects the current reality. In fact, a 2017 Glassdoor study found that the wages of H-1B workers were 2.8% higher than their American counterparts: https://www.glassdoor.com/research/h1b-workers/ https://www.glassdoor.com/research/h1b-workers/ The US creates several million new jobs each year on average, and the H-1B cap is 85K, which is an order of magnitude less than the number of jobs created per year. In order for the H-1B program to meaningfully impact the US labor market, the H-1B cap needs to be increased significantly.

TexanFeller 4y ago
> The US creates several million new jobs each year on average, and the H-1B cap is 85K, which is an order of magnitude less than the number of jobs created per year. H-1B hires are not evenly distributed across all job types. A large fraction of them going to particular industries, like is seen in big tech, could move the needle in those industries.
Blackstrat 4y ago
It’s not a myth. I worked for a prominent US company that routinely hired non-Americans based on price. There are innumerable ways around the H-1B limits. I quit the company.
- google234123 4y ago
  Name a name then
  - ipaddr 4y ago
    Looking for work?
j-bos 4y ago
Perhaps it is a myth with no basis. That said, increased supply decreasing demand is usually the null case, yes? So I'd want to see evidence that additional workers do not supress wages.

DwnVoteHoneyPot 4y ago

Ah yes, entitlement all the way down. The American complains that only Americans should be hired despite same skill for cheaper elsewhere. After restricting to Americans, the SF dev complains the company hired a Denver dev who is cheaper for the same skill. Then in Denver, the dev complains they hired from Omaha. Screw the guy from Omaha! Markets are global especially on the internet. If Facebook and Twitter don't compete on a global scale, TikTok will eat the lunch you believe you are entitled to. The entire article discusses that immigration is needed and American's don't want those jobs. I don't need a team of the most skilled and experienced PhDs. A big portion of my team are just reliable people who can keep the lights on.

kaesar14 4y ago
Markets are not global. The immigration market is highly regulated and the H1B visa is an abusive system which keeps Indian and Chinese immigrants enslaved to their jobs for up to 20 years while waiting for a green card. It’s a perfect labor group to take advantage of. You want a real global market for international labor? Fix the immigration system.
- DwnVoteHoneyPot 4y ago
  One of my points was even if you restrict the employee market, customers remains global, revenues remains global. Forcing wage costs higher will eventually make the US uncompetitive.
justanorherhack 4y ago
Yea and there are Americans that want those jobs to keep the lights on and get paid over 6 figures.
rramadass 4y ago
>Ah yes, entitlement all the way down. This is the hard truth but people don't want to face up to it.

throwaway2729 4y ago

You are correct except that it's L1 visa driving wages down. H1Bs are typically employed at FAANG and are paid top of the market. Instead of a lottery system, they should use it for top of the market jobs or proven specialization like published papers in that field or certifications.

ralph84 4y ago
There are way way more H1Bs working for bodyshops that lease them to non-FAANG Fortune 500 companies than work for FAANG. https://h1bdata.info/topcompanies.php https://h1bdata.info/topcompanies.php 8 of the top 10 H1B filers are bodyshops. And of course the average salary for the 8 bodyshops is way below the 2 non-bodyshops.

xwolfi 4y ago

joenot443 4y ago
Trying to bait people into flame wars is pretty low effort and doesn’t make for interesting discussion, I don’t think. Plenty of other popular sites for that.

darth_avocado 4y ago

H1B is an easy scapegoat. You see people of certain nationalities on visa and think ohh the companies are bringing in cheap labor. The reality is that most of them would be citizens if the immigration laws were created equal. You wouldn’t see that many people on visa if they didn’t have to stay on it for decades. People come from Europe all the time and become citizens, and you don’t say “ohh look at all these foreigners on visa taking away all the jobs and suppressing the wages” because they transition to citizenship and you don’t see them on visas for long. Create a fair immigration system and you won’t see H1Bs around for long.

rramadass 4y ago
>Create a fair immigration system and you won’t see H1Bs around for long. You hit the Nail right on the Head! H1B is being used as an easy scapegoat for all the ills plaguing the US labour market.
cat_plus_plus 4y ago
You guys have no clue about US immigration system. There are equal green card quotas for each country, which is the main merit path to citizenship. Of course some countries have a huge population or huge demand for US visas, but that still means that green cards for that country are equal in number to green cards from other countries. And for example, there are a lot of countries in Africa. On the other hand, children of undocumented immigrants get citizenship without any quota. So there are many more new citizens from Mexico and Central America vs Europe. I am not saying they are bad citizens, but there is some rational limit to immigration that protects native culture from sudden disruption against wishes of existing citizens. So, defining what is fair is not as easy as you might think.
- Ekaros 4y ago
  For small European country. I remember one my co-workers. He used to work in USA for some years, got green cards for himself and family, I think in months. Then returned here and simply just returned those cards. The system truly isn't equal. And from outside is bit bizare.

howinteresting 4y ago

H1B is a dual intent visa. It has never been just temporary, the idea that H1B workers can seek permanent residence is built into the visa. (It is not built into most other visas.) Many H1B workers wish to become citizens but can't due to decades-long backlogs. If your post is actually meant to campaign for them to get quicker green cards and citizenship, I applaud you.

rramadass 4y ago
>H1B is a dual intent visa. It has never been just temporary, the idea that H1B workers can seek permanent residence is built into the visa. This needs to be repeated time and time again until people "get it". It was designed as a "legal way" of immigrating to the US.

bobosha 4y ago

>The sad fact is that we have enough software developers in America to fully meet all of every American companies technical needs; The problem is that these companies don't want to meet the market demands of that labor pool by paying what that market is asking to keep that sustainable, so they want to import people who they can abuse to temporarily lower labor prices for them. This is a bogus self-serving argument that is offered by many entitled "American programmers" who want wage hyperinflation. Tech workers are among the highest paid professions anywhere, and still people like you complain about wage suppression, ha! How self-serving & entitled of you. There is 100%+ employment in tech, and the people "looking for work" you speak of, wouldn't even pass a basic programming test and unemployable IMO.

ipaddr 4y ago
Perhaps as a: MIT CSAIL Alum, AI+Machine Vision researcher passionate about using technology for societal good. Not everyone is an MIT Alum and full employment is a dream that could only come from the halls of MIT
matthewmacleod 4y ago
In my view you are both wrong for different reasons. There are not “enough software developers in America to fully meet all of every American companies technical needs”. There is virtually no unemployment among competent software developers and almost every team I have ever talked to consistently struggles to hire. It doesn’t pass the sniff test, as there are relatively few of these workers in any case. Equally, workers are absolutely entitled to complain about companies abusing people in precarious positions—such as H1B visa holders—to reduce costs. Certain orgs are notorious for this. It is not “entitled” to think that workers should be paid the market rate for their work, and the reality is that software developers are highly-paid in part because their skills are hard to come by and drive significant financial benefit (i.e. they are worth it). You don’t need to put the effort in to defend companies who have famously colluded to suppress wages! Is the real problem not the existence of a silly visa system in the first place? If you want workers, then allow them to enter the country and compete freely at market wages for roles - without making them so subject to the whims of their sponsoring employer. That system is basically designed to facilitate abuse.

renewiltord 4y ago

H-1B workers, look around you. This is the top comment here. Imagine for a second that you support a union. When you take your seat at the union meeting, someone like this sits down on your left, on your right, in front of you, and behind you. Imagine you provide a tech union with manpower. Who do you think will hold the reins? You or some guy like this? Will you arm them so that they can execute on what they dream of? Consider carefully what a union of people like this can do. Consider carefully what you will support. In the end, they have themselves to look after.

rramadass 4y ago

>The sad fact is that we have enough software developers in America to fully meet all of every American companies technical needs; Absolutely wrong! Software Developers and Engineers Shortage in the US: The case for Global Talent: https://www.revelo.com/blog/software-developer-shortage-us https://www.revelo.com/blog/software-developer-shortage-us

gloryjulio 4y ago

Uhhh, no? I don't think u realize how big of the gap between the average programming work vs fanng+ companies. Note that I didn't say the quality of the candidates, because I don't think it's hard and most of the ppl can achieve that level if they really tried. But the difference in work is so huge it's basically 2 type of jobs. In typical fanng companies, most regular ppl wont survive. It's highly competitive and require ppl to be able to ramp up repidly. At the same time, u need to maintain high performance all the time. Hard deadlines everywhere. Required to lead different projects and be oncall at the same time. It's highly competitive and demanding basically the opposite of what ppl going through in the regular school system right now.

onethought 4y ago
I’m calling bs on this. Many people in faang companies I know are pretty average work effort required is also pretty average, could you provide more concrete examples of where this isn’t true?
- gloryjulio 4y ago
  Lets start from faang, Amazon/meta/Netflix have high review bar, u r behold to biquaterlly review and sometimes quarterly review. If u havent heard of ura, go look it up. Google is somewhat more relaxed as their culture encouraging improving the employees instead of performance based firing outright but this might change, look it up regardless. apple's wlb is suprisingly bad as their very top down, of coz the pay is good. Outside faang,twitter was famed to be a more relax place. its gone now after elon take over. stripe is famous for being aws 2.0. these are the places are either i worked at or have friends there. Also consider thr currently layoff is largely performance based for wlb, 40-50 is the norm if u r good. if u are average in putting out the effort, i dont think u can survive the ramp up in the first year with less than 50h per week. companies like amazon doesnt even give u time to ramp up. But if u survive the first 2 year, u r probably fine. An 'average' employee in this sense will be vastly capable of dealing with the org chaos and oncall, and churn out the commits at the same time. The wlb will be much better if he is in a stable org. He will be more experienced in gaming the reviews too. Once again, i never mentioned the quality of the candidates, i only talk about the work and performance. i think most of the ppl are capable,just whether they really tried.

richardw 4y ago

You don’t become more competitive by creating limits. China limits what people can read, say or do. US limits movement. It became great through free movement of people and reinvention of society, and creating any limits means you skew the outcome. You limit supply, so prices rise artificially. Unless you’re Native American, your forefathers and mothers moved to the US at a time where it was easier to do so. That’s a lottery you happened to win and now you want to shut the doors. Your parents helped create the story of success, and that’s how the story will continue. No visas means no Jobs, no Nadella, no Brin, no Tesla, no very many people who create and sustain so many institutions that make you great. Immigration and entrepreneurship are the lifeblood of your story. Don’t worry so much about slicing the pie. Grow the pie.

joenot443 4y ago
When my ancestors came to Canada, they settled their own land, lost half the family in the winters, and many of them still ended up trying to return to Ireland. I'd love to hear your thoughts on how that's an "easier" experience than the route taken by folks today. There's tens of thousands of acres unsettled land left in Canada, but for whatever reason the vast majority of our new Canadians end up in the GTA. The process of immigrating to North America today is so entirely different from how it was the 1800s it's a bit disingenuous to equate the two.
- richardw 4y ago
  Easier from the perspective of getting a visa. You won the lottery is what I said. I live in a country where we seem to work hard to keep people from neighbouring countries out. It does nothing for our competitiveness, just allows the current inhabitants who pretty much did nothing except have the right ancestors to get benefits and opportunities that neighbours don’t have. In your case, Canada benefits greatly from the US having a more restrictive immigration policy. Net positive for Canada. It’s a total failure to have smart people not able to enter your country, because they’ll go somewhere. Quote SamA: https://twitter.com/sama/status/1554459751353683969 https://twitter.com/sama/status/1554459751353683969 If that doesn’t convince you, consider the case of Russia now, with people leaving daily. If immigration is net negative then surely Russia is winning hand over fist because people are leaving the country in droves. Obviously not. It’s a horror show for them.