I had very few issues with just creating one scss file for every component module, ie ProfileCard.tsx and ProfileCard.scss, with sub components like ProfileCard

I had very few issues with just creating one scss file for every component module, ie ProfileCard.tsx and ProfileCard.scss, with sub components like ProfileCardimage being a nested selector in the scss tile. I don’t think you really need complicated design systems or atomic utilities anymore, just a bunch of variables for spacing, fonts, colors, etc. For any given component I knew exactly where to look for its styles, and it is all there. If the scss files becomes unwieldy as requirements change, it’s easy to just re-write it.