Problem 1 is caused by temporary visas. If I know that I may have to go back to my origin country in a few years, I'm tempted to work a lot, save as much as pos

Problem 1 is caused by temporary visas. If I know that I may have to go back to my origin country in a few years, I'm tempted to work a lot, save as much as possible, then go back to my country where this money is probably worth much more due to lower currency value, and use the money plus my international experience to jump-start a higher-level career or business (maybe starting a new offshoring company for extra irony). OTOH if I have a permanent visa, I will invest in a long-term career, form a family (or bring existing family from my country), buy a car, mortgage, burn a ton of money in America's ultra-expensive private healthcare and higher education, etc.