5 ms·
That simply isn’t true. With B&W the only aspect of film development that poses environmental worries is the silver suspended in exhausted fixer. You’d have to
by musictubes 4y ago
That simply isn’t true. With B&W the only aspect of film development that poses environmental worries is the silver suspended in exhausted fixer. You’d have to be doing much more exotic work to require more precautions. Things like Selenium toning, perchlorate (ugh, nasty stuff) activators, potassium ferricyanide, etc. need more care but the processes that use those things are really rare these days. Developer compounds break down rapidly and stop bath is just a mild acidic solution, usually the equivalent of vinegar. With the exception of the fixer, home darkroom work is of no environmental consequence. Kodak, Fuji, and Agfa had gotten chemical safety figured out by the 90s. The last thing I remember being a problem was the stabilizers made from formulin (related to formaldehyde) but that was stopped in the late 90s. Think VPS was the last film that required it for the best archival performance.
Large quantities of developer/stop/bleach were also able to be disposed of once the ph had been neutralized. The only disposal service I remember with the labs I worked in was the silver recovery for the fixer.
As far as manufacturing films and papers goes I’m less certain. I do know that Kodak had been trimming some materials from their catalog that used dangerous materials through the 90s. They discontinued a warm tone paper that was loved by many in the early 2000s. It used cadmium as part of the emulsion chemistry. And while it didn’t pose any risk to people using the paper, manufacturing it certainly did. I’m sure that the big three film manufacturers had managed to minimize the use of dangerous materials as awareness and regulations spread. Can’t be as sure about the eastern European manufacturers though.
- i_am_proteus 4y agoWith "modern" commercial B&W developers, this is all true. However, pyro (in various forms) is still available, still used by some photographers who prefer the results they get with it, and still quite toxic. You do have to go out of your way to find it, though.
- musictubes 4y agoI loved my pyro developers! Loved both PMK and the really old school versions as well. And yes, those are nasty but as you say they are really rare. I also think the raw materials are much more dangerous than working solutions. PMK was heavily diluted to make a working solution.
- i_am_proteus 4y agoPyro does give some very sharp results! Although these days, HC-110 does everything I need and it lasts forever on the shelf, so my pyro days are past me.