Do you religiously deep-clone every container you pass to a function? No. So it's one thing to say you can copy your data, another to know your data is guarante

Do you religiously deep-clone every container you pass to a function? No. So it's one thing to say you can copy your data, another to know your data is guaranteed to be copied. Swift has value types which use pass-by-value semantics. Containers use copy-on-write. This is a language where you can quickly build value trees that you know are a guaranteed copy, isolated from whoever sent you this tree. But most languages have no such infrastructure. Java is adding record types, but they're immutable instead of in-place mutable, which is incredibly inconvenient to work with in nested data structures.