> To emulate the dynamical behavior of synapses at the molecular level, the researchers combined fast electron transfer (akin to action potentials and fast depo

> To emulate the dynamical behavior of synapses at the molecular level, the researchers combined fast electron transfer (akin to action potentials and fast depolarization processes in biology) with slow proton coupling limited by diffusion (akin to the role of biological calcium ions or neurotransmitters). > Since the electron transfer and proton coupling steps inside the material occur at very different time scales, the transformation can emulate the plastic behavior of synapse neuronal junctions, Pavlovian learning, and all logic gates for digital circuits, simply by changing the applied voltage and the duration of voltage pulses during the synthesis, they explained.