Most people will transition from F-1 student visa OPT (Optional Practical Training) which has a multi-year STEM extension to H1B. Essentially you have 3 chances

Most people will transition from F-1 student visa OPT (Optional Practical Training) which has a multi-year STEM extension to H1B. Essentially you have 3 chances to get a H1B if you can find an employer willing to go through the process while you are already legally in the country. I have never met any current or former H1B holder who didn't enter the program through this route. I am a naturalized citizen who also followed this path.