> It's impossible in general to be certain of causality for humans too, all we see are correlations in data and we invent causal theories that explain those cor

> It's impossible in general to be certain of causality for humans too, all we see are correlations in data and we invent causal theories that explain those correlations. We do experiments - we actually do them a lot and it starts very early with infants experimenting how activating a particular muscle moves his hand etc. Later we do less of original experiments - but repeat those that we already know the results - by walking for example and getting where we planned to. In science to get from correlations to causation we have 'randomized trials'. In everyday practice we use something called 'free will' in our minds as the source of the needed independence.