The significance is that these elements detected in a star don't mean they exist throughout the star, but only in the outer layers. So we don't need to somehow

The significance is that these elements detected in a star don't mean they exist throughout the star, but only in the outer layers. So we don't need to somehow adjust theories of stellar evolution to explain how all that cesium got produced somewhere and this star got full of it. There's only a small amount of cesium, which fits within existing theories (produced from past supernovas), it's just unusually visible.