Assuming that the Mr Wang is Yue-Sheng Wang; Their suspect has published 59 articles according to Scopus and 31 are without affiliation to Hydro-Québec. I would

Assuming that the Mr Wang is Yue-Sheng Wang; Their suspect has published 59 articles according to Scopus and 31 are without affiliation to Hydro-Québec. I would hope that publications alone would be a problem, but maybe they point at possible sharing of data etc. in a way that could fall under espionage - who knows. I work with documenting scientific publications and I have seen a lot of wonky affiliations used. Its surprising who many researchers don't understand their own affiliations correctly, at least as seen by the institutions that pay their wages. That being using co-authors affiliation, imagined or misunderstood affiliations (yeah our informal work-group is definitely a department!), or even something more obscure (A professor publishing his whole career from university X even though he hasn't been affiliated since his postdoc 25 years ago. Due to pride I guess?). Another issue is co-authors not knowing each others True® affiliation, and ending up getting the wrong addresses in the final publication. And so on and so on. Some researchers seem to feel such details are trivial. Just another example how bureaucratic control butts heads with the actually way scientists work.