That’s literally the point of this little book. Bullshit as Frankfurt defined it is assuredly not “intentional misrepresentation,” because that is a species of

That’s literally the point of this little book. Bullshit as Frankfurt defined it is assuredly not “intentional misrepresentation,” because that is a species of lying which is distinctly different from bullshit. In short the liar is concerned with the truth. He at least thinks he knows it and is twisting or hiding it. Contrariwise, the bullshitter is completely unconcerned with the truth. He is solely concerned with the effects of his speech itself. People should read this book, because learning to recognize bullshit is something everyone thinks they’re good at, but most persons are quite bad at it. As an example, we have the catch phrase of 2021, “safe and effective.” The various talking heads didn’t at all care or even have a clue about the phrase’s truth value. How could they? The clinical trials weren’t even finished! Those bullshitters were solely concerned with persuading people to get vaccinated. Whether you agree with that aim or not is irrelevant to the observable reality that it was, in fact, bullshit.