I should probably have mentioned that it's the countries that have to import gas and oil, and which only have reserves of low-grade fossil fuels (i.e. coal) tha

I should probably have mentioned that it's the countries that have to import gas and oil, and which only have reserves of low-grade fossil fuels (i.e. coal) that are most active in developing non-fossil energy production (i.e. China, Japan, Germany). Africa is an interesting possibility, as there just isn't enough fossil fuel around to fuel industrial development there to the levels seen in the USA/Europe/Asia, meaning large-scale renewable is their only real option. For example, California alone consumes about 2 million barrels of oil per day, with a population of 40 million people. Global oil production is about 90 million barrels per day. There are 1.1 billion people across the sub-Saharan Africa belt (Nigeria to Somalia). Assuming I've done the basic math right, and accounting for African oil use at present, if Africa were to consume as much oil per capita as California does, this would require an additional ~50 million barrels per day in global oil production, a greater than 50% increase.