> 1. Cost of living forcing both partners to work and have less time and energy If both partners working = both partners employed, that seems to be the norm si

> 1. Cost of living forcing both partners to work and have less time and energy If both partners working = both partners employed, that seems to be the norm since the industrial revolution got underway (allowing for that post-WWII historical exception). If both partners working = hours in labor, I can't recall a period with disproportional demands on time. I think you're right about having less time and money; I think your #3 is closer to the cause. I'd phrase 3 to read: 3. The stresses of increasingly complex living.