It's just taught as an assumption that you will do this in a business school's bachelors curriculum. For different countries they'd just treat it as a different

It's just taught as an assumption that you will do this in a business school's bachelors curriculum. For different countries they'd just treat it as a different market with different pricing but a lot of times it's done by acting like something is a different product through packaging and branding. Like the 150 dollar lip cream is probably chemically not that different than the 10 dollar one but they just make it feel more premium and sell it under a premium brand name. Or even just the way consumer electronics include or don't include features at various product levels is also price discrimination. (Which is why sometimes the low tier product includes a physical ability to do something but it's turned off with software or something. To nudge people willing to pay more to the one aimed at them.)