There are some things that make urban IoT connectivity harder than in the open field. - Wave paths are more complex (buildings, multi path propagation etc). He

There are some things that make urban IoT connectivity harder than in the open field. - Wave paths are more complex (buildings, multi path propagation etc). Hence base stations need to be positioned more densely. - Finding optimal locations for base stations and contracting the building/land owners is not straightforward. - Using the less congested, licensed spectrum instead of the crowded ISM bands may be preferable in the city.